Abstract
Online learning has become a widespread method for providing learning at different levels of education. It has facilitated the learning in many ways and made it more flexible and available by providing learners with more opportunities to learn information, further access to different learning resources, and collaboration rather than face-to-face learning. In spite of these benefits and rapid growth of online education, success and persistence in such courses is one the important aspects of online learning research and it relies on different factors. Therefore investigating the reasons of students' dropout of an online education course or program and its contributing factors is essential in this area. One of the most barriers in online learning system is lack of interactions. In learning, interaction between students themselves, with the course content, and course instructors is important for conveying information, enhancing teaching quality, give directions, and many more functions. The aim of this research is to review the literature to propose a clearer picture of studies have been conducted regarding online interaction and factors that impact it in online education systems.
Highlights
One of the essential elements of online learning is student interaction that substantially influencing effective learning by exchanging ideas and intellectual stimulation (Wanstreet, 2009)
Past studies suggested that interaction in online education and interactivity in course has a direct impact on level of student satisfaction (Durrington, Berryhill, & Swafford, 2006) and student achievement and learning outcomes (Bernard et al, 2009)
Learner-learner interaction is the last type of interaction that happen among students individually or in a group that may focuses on building knowledge and developing specific skills (Moore, 1989)
Summary
One of the essential elements of online learning is student interaction that substantially influencing effective learning by exchanging ideas and intellectual stimulation (Wanstreet, 2009). Moore (Moore, 1989) proposed three ways of interaction: interaction with the content, interaction with instructor, and interaction with other students He argued that student-content interaction is “the process of intellectually interacting with the content that results in changes in the learner’s understanding, the learner’s perspective, or the cognitive structures of the learner’s mind” Learner-instructor interaction is very important to nurture students’ interest to the course contents and stimulating their motivation of learning. Nowadays e-learning technologies have brought about many fundamental changes in learning styles and focuses more on students “by enabling multiple interactions among all the different agents involved – learners, instructors and course designers, tutors, contents, interfaces, administrative staff, code, environments, etc.” Nowadays e-learning technologies have brought about many fundamental changes in learning styles and focuses more on students “by enabling multiple interactions among all the different agents involved – learners, instructors and course designers, tutors, contents, interfaces, administrative staff, code, environments, etc.” (Agudo-Peregrina, Iglesias-Pradas, Conde-González, & Hernández-García, 2014, p. 542)
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