Abstract
Pavement marking in daylight with poor quality cannot provide a reference for drivers to specify their own position relative to nearby vehicles. Luminance and Correlated color temperature (CCT) of sunlight is of importance for daytime visibility of in-service pavement markings, which lacks detailed consideration. This paper aims to explore the daytime visibility requirements of in-service pavement markings considering the influence of natural light characteristics. Based on analyzing the mechanism and impact factors of daytime visibility of pavement markings, a subjective scale of pavement markings state in the drivers’ field of view was proposed and a short and bold line was recommended as the standard state. Thirty-six tested drivers were randomly selected to detect white and yellow markings of both 15 cm and 20 cm width under 2000 to 23,000 lx and 5500 to 8500 K for outdoor natural light environment. The luminance contrast of the pavement marking to the surrounding road surface ranged from 0 to 10. The result indicated that the natural light with 2000 to 3000 lx and 7500 to 8500 K is the most unfavorable light environment for drivers to recognize pavement markings during daytime. The detection distance is becoming longer with the increase of luminance contrast. The detection distance does not increase with the increase of luminance contrast when the luminance contrast of white markings is greater than 4 and that of yellow markings is greater than 3. The model was established expressing the relationship between luminance contrast and Qd contrast. The preview time 3.65 s was selected to calculate the minimum requirements of Qd at speeds of 60, 80, 100 km/h, respectively, for different types of markings. The results can provide scientific evidence for quality evaluation and maintenance management of pavement markings in service for daytime visibility.
Highlights
The results showed that drivers have a shorter adaptation time and good visual recognition under the environment irradiated by light sources containing short-wavelength blue-green lighting spectrum
By collecting the visible distance of the pavement markings with different luminance contrast of the pavement marking to of the markings with different luminance contrast of widths, the pavement markingthese thepavement surrounding road surface, different colors and different and analyzing to the surrounding road surface, different colors and different widths, and analyzing collected data, we obtained the interaction between each influencing factor and the thesevisible collected data, of wethe obtained the interaction between influencing factor distance pavement markings, as well as the safeeach visual recognition requireand the visible of themarkings pavementshould markings, as thedriving
The variation of daytime natural light environment had an effect on the daytime visibility of pavement markings, which was consistent for different widths and colors of the markings
Summary
In the daylight environment with different illuminance and CCT, the daytime visibility of pavement markings is different. Drivers can perceive markings as a result of the coupling of the light source and the pavement marking as a diffuse reflector. The results showed that drivers have a shorter adaptation time and good visual recognition under the environment irradiated by light sources containing short-wavelength blue-green lighting spectrum. The natural light CCT and light environment luminance levels are changing at different times of the day due to the rotation of the earth and other reasons. The driver’s perception and recognition of road markings during the day will be affected by the CCT and illuminance of natural light sources at different times from the analysis of driving safety visual recognition level
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