Investigating on Evolution of Windows from Qajar to Pahlavi Era in Tabriz's Ganjei-Zade House with Heat Dissipation Approach

S Abdoly Naser,H Sattari Sarbangholi,F Haghparast,M Singery

doi:10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.07

Abstract

Iranian vernacular architecture has rich experiences in terms of coordinating with its surroundings. although, high energy consumption was one of the major concerns in the past decades. According to statistics presented by Iranian Statistics Center, 40% of the country's energy consumption is relevant to the construction industry. However, about 70% of consumption is used solely for space heating and cooling. In the meantime, windows have a significant influence on the thermal performance. Ganjei-Zade House in Tabriz is one of the monuments and includes two parts. The north side of Qajar era and the western side was added to the former building in Pahlavi era. The present article deals with the study of the evolution of windows from Qajar to Pahlavi in Ganjei-zade house and the amount of heat dissipation from windows. These evaluations has been carried out by simulating Ganjei-zade house in the DesignBuilder software. The research related to this article was conducted based on analytic and comparative method and the purpose is to provide the important criteria for windows in residential buildings in the cold climate of Tabriz considering native architecture solutions in order to reduce heat dissipation. The conducted calculations confirm that the amount of heat losses from windows from Qajar to Pahlavi era, has been reduced by 22.2% and the amount of heat dissipation per square meter of windows from Qajar period to Pahlavi was decreased by 58.33%.

Highlights

Iranian vernacular architecture has rich experiences in terms of coordinating with its surroundings. high energy consumption was one of the major concerns in the past decades
On the basis of the above-mentioned research methodology, simulation results are presented for heat losses, energy consumption, heat losses from windows based on construction era, solar gain exterior windows, the amount of natural ventilation and heat losses per square meter from windows fro m different parts of the building according to the construction era
Total heat loss Findings that include the amount of heat losses in the form of convection from different parts of the building are presented in the Figure 6 and shows the fact that 21% of total heat dissipation in the building (Qajar + Pahlavi) is from windows, 66% is from external walls, 12% is fro m roofs and a little amount of heat loss (1%) is from floor of Ganjei-Zade house

Summary

Introduction

Iranian vernacular architecture has rich experiences in terms of coordinating with its surroundings. high energy consumption was one of the major concerns in the past decades. The present article deals with the study of the evolution of windows from Qajar to Pahlavi in Ganjei-zade house and the amount of heat dissipation from windows. The research related to this article was conducted based on analytic and comparative method and the purpose is to provide the important criteria for windows in residential buildings in the cold climate of Tabriz considering native architecture solutions in order to reduce heat dissipation. Soleymanpour et al [6] investigated on Iranian vernacular and contemporary houses They have come to the conclusion that in traditional houses in cold and dry climates, most openings are designed on the south side of the building. Saljoughinejad and Rashidi Sharifabad [7] studied on vernacular residences in Iran Their findings indicate that in Iranian native houses, the openings are designed to direct sunlight into the interior in winter

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