Abstract
To compare the adhesive interface of eroded dentin formed by a functional dental adhesive and a gold standard strategy, by testing microtensile bond strength (μTBS), hardness/elastic modulus. Permanent sound human molars were randomly allocated to four experimental groups, all subject to artificial erosion (0.05 M citric acid; 3× daily, 5 days). Groups included control Clearfil SE Bond 2 (CFSE), and experimental group Clearfil SE Protect (CFP), at two different time points-immediate (24 h) and long term (3 months–3 M). Samples were sectioned into microspecimens for μTBS (n = 8) and into 2-mm thick slabs for nanoindentation assays (n = 3). Groups CFSE_3M and CFP_3M were stored in artificial saliva. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA for μTBS data, while hardness/modulus results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis H Test (significance level of 5%; SPSS v.27.0). Although no significant differences were found between mean μTBS values, for different adhesives and time points (p > 0.05), a positive trend, with μTBS rising in the CFP_3M group, was observed. Regarding hardness, no significant differences were seen in the hybrid layer, considering the two variables (p > 0.05), while the reduced elastic modulus rose in CFP_3M when compared to 24 h. Thus, CFP shows similar mechanical and adhesive performance to CFSE in eroded dentin, although it may comprise promising long-term results. This is advantageous in eroded substrates due to their increased enzymatic activity and need for remineralization.
Highlights
Dental erosion is a prevalent condition, globally, and is suffering a significant increase in the last few decades [1]
Overall, based on the laboratory study conducted, and regarding bond strength, no differences were observed between the two adhesives tested, or between the two different time points
With Clearfil SE Protect (CFP), a positive trend in microtensile values after aging was registered, which may be attributed to bond degradation resistance
Summary
Dental erosion is a prevalent condition, globally, and is suffering a significant increase in the last few decades [1]. Is this condition more common as age increases, but it affects a younger population, which is rising in number [2]. Despite the technology advancements over the past years, with novel materials, surface pre-treatments, simplified systems and adhesive strategies being developed, the hybrid layer formed in dentin is still persistently described as the weakest link in the restorative complex [7,8,9]. Due to the varying microstructural alterations that occur in eroded enamel and dentin, the choice of adhesive system gains a considerable weight in the success of the treatment [4,5]
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