Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the Triad Women's Athlete Syndrome (TWA) components, as well as the satisfaction with the self-body image was checked in gymnasts, comparing it with non-athlete teenage women. The sample was made of 29 female adolescent professional gymnasts [15,0 ± 2,8 years], and 32 non-athletes [15,0 ± 1,6 years]. Three self-image validated questionnaires were used: 1st - Anamnesis - general and nutritional information, training routine and period cycle; 2nd - Eating Attitudes Test - presence of inappropriate eating, with risk of TA development; and 3rd - Body Shape Questionnaire - identification of the self-body image distortion degree. The satisfaction with the self-body image was checked, by the difference of total body mass, which was measured by the evaluators and declared as ideal by them. Body measurements were taken from every individual of the sample, using the ISAK international standardization. For the data analysis, the Microsoft Excel 2000 Software was used, using p ≤ 0,05. The study demonstrated that every evaluated women, form both groups, showed no TWA. But in one gymnast (3,4%), the presence of two of these components was noticed simultaneously, and in fifteen of them (51,7%), a single component, either TWA, period disorder, or osteoporosis. It is concluded that gymnastics can be considered a risk for the development of TWA components, making the gymnast vulnerable in at least one of three components that characterize the TWA.
Highlights
Esta análise permitiu constatar que ambos os grupos apresentaram distorção da imagem corporal (Tabela 3) nos graus leve e moderado entre não atletas, e leve, moderado e grave entre atletas, o que demonstra a sua insatisfação com a atual massa corporal total (MCT), resultado ratificado ao declararem o desejo de emagrecer, mesmo apresentando-se dentro dos padrões considerados saudáveis em relação à composição corporal para seu grupo, idade e sexo (Tabela 4) (JACKSON et al, 1980)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the Women Athlete’s Triad Syndrome (WAT) components, as well as the satisfaction with the self-body image was checked in gymnasts, comparing it with non-athlete teenage women
The sample was composed by 29 female adolescent professional gymnasts [15,0 ± 2,8 years], and 32 non-athletes [15,0 ± 1,6 years]
Summary
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença dos componentes que caracterizam a síndrome da tríade da mulher atleta (TMA), bem como verificar a satisfação com a autoimagem corporal em atletas de ginástica rítmica, comparando-as com adolescentes não atletas. Concomitantemente ao aumento da participação de mulheres nos esportes, é crescente o número de atletas suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento da tríade da mulher atleta (TMA), definida pelo American College of Sports Science em 1992 e ratificada em 2007 como uma síndrome caracterizada pela presença simultânea de três componentes: transtornos alimentares (TA), amenorréia e osteoporose (AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORT MEDICINE, 2007). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença dos componentes que caracterizam a síndrome da tríade da mulher atleta (TMA), bem como verificar a satisfação com a autoimagem corporal em atletas de ginástica rítmica, comparando-as com adolescentes não atletas
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