Abstract
Inverse photoemission spectroscopy using photons in the energy range 10-50 eV is now the preferred method for mapping the unoccupied bands of metals. With suitable apparatus it is possible to measure the energy, momentum and spin of bulk and surface states from the Fermi energy to above the vacuum zero. A wide range of clean transition metal single crystals and of metal overlayers on crystals have been studied in this way and the band dispersions compared with first principles band structure calculations. Tungsten and tantalum are typical of metals with a high density of unoccupied states that have been measured at several photon energies. Calculations have been made of the photon yield from single crystal tantalum using a relativistic version of the multiple scattering theory of Pendry. The agreement between the calculated and measured spectra is good up to over 5 eV above EF indicating that the one electron eigenstates derived in band structure calculations may be used with confidence for quasi-particles in transition metals.
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