Abstract
The energy and dispersion of surface states depend critically on the details of the surface potential barrier. Therefore the surface state shifts can be used as sensitive probes for surface reconstructions. Using inverse photoemission spectroscopy we investigated the unoccupied surface states of Ni(110) in the band gap around Ȳ and their shifts associated with the alkali-induced missing row reconstruction of the Ni(110) surface, the quenching of this reconstruction at low temperature, and the hydrogen-induced pairing row reconstruction of Ni(110). The results could consistently be interpreted in the phase accumulation model for surface states. The phase shifts required for a quantitative evaluation were obtained from a nearly-free-electron approximation.
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