Inventory of the risks of contamination of milk from the neighbourhoods in traditional farms in the Poro region in Côte d'ivoire

Abstract

This study, which highlights the situation of dairy farms as well as their development prospects, took place from May to October 2022 in the Poro region of Côte d'Ivoire. And focused on the sociodemographic, zootechnical and health characteristics of 45 traditional farms with a total of 360 dairy cows. Trade, the main activity for 51.1% of the owners, followed by agriculture 31.11%, for 88.88% of the indigenous Senufo herders and 93.33% are non-indigenous Fulani. Feed is pasture for 75.6% and 24.44% of farmers providing a feed supplement. The age of first calving is between 3 and 4 years old or 5 to 6 years old. Cows that calved the most at the age of 4 years by 46.51% compared to those calved 3 years ago 30.23%, 5 years 19.77% and 6 years 3.49% at the regional level. The frequency of milking per season varies significantly from 0.5 litres/day to 15 litres/day depending on the breeds observed (P<0.05). The main parasitic diseases are Trypanosomiasis 28.88%, a bi-infection (Safa (foot-and-mouth disease), Bovine Nodular Cutaneous Skin Disease (BNCSD)) 20% and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) 13.30%. For 80% of farmers, the prevalence of clinical mastitis is 60% and 20% estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis to be 40%. The milk is harvested by the Fulani and 33.33% sell the milk to wholesalers in each department of the Poro region. The amount of unsold milk 22.22% filtered for some, boiled (10 to 15 minutes). This study highlights a lack of hygiene during milking and on farms. It is therefore important to carry out mastitis screening actions in traditional dairy farms in the Poro region and to structure it.