Abstract
Parameter of fish oil quality could be observed from an omega-3 fatty acid content, antioxidant activity, Peroxide Value (PV), Free Fatty Acid (FFA) value, total oxidation (totox) value, density and viscosity, level of toxicity and its heavy metals content. This study aimed to determine the quality of sardine oils which was obtained as by product of fish meal and fish canning industry. Sardine A and B had different fatty acid composition. Based on toxicity test, it was known that sardine oil B (572.02 ppm) had higher toxicity than sardine oil A (726.03 ppm). Heavy metal analysis results showed that sardine oil A had Pb concentration at 0.118 ppm, it passed a standard limit (≤0.1 ppm) and it might be harmful for consumption. Peroxides value of sardine oil A and B was 13.33 meq/kg and 5.00 meq/kg, respectively. The highest FFA value was sardine oil B (3.948%) then followed by sardine oil A (0.423%). Value of p-anisidine of sardine oil A and B was 1.09 and 0.88 meq/kg. The highest totox value was sardine oil A (27.76 meq/kg) then followed by sardine oil B (10.88 meq/kg). Viscosity of sample B (270 cPs) was higher than A (69 cPs) and sample B (1.02 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) was denser than sample A (0.92 g/cm<sup>3</sup>).
Highlights
Omega-3 fatty acids especially EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) can affect human health
One of fish species which has a great potential as a source of omega-3 in Indonesia was sardines (Sardinella sp.)
Sardine oil which usually found in Indonesia is a byproduct of fish meal and fish canning industry, it has not been optimized as a source of an omega-3 fatty acid
Summary
Omega-3 fatty acids especially EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) can affect human health. One of fish species which has a great potential as a source of omega-3 in Indonesia was sardines (Sardinella sp.). Sardine is included to high fatty fish with a various fat content. The different of fat content depend on the size, maturity, season and food. Sardine oil which usually found in Indonesia is a byproduct of fish meal and fish canning industry, it has not been optimized as a source of an omega-3 fatty acid. Yunizal (2002) recorded that in 1996 the number of sardine oils as by product from fish processing industry was about 4,300 tons. According to Khoddami et al (2009), mostly sardine oil contained high concentration of omega-3. Characterization of sardine oil is important, because it can be a consideration for further use
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