Abstract
Why and how subterranean habitats were invaded by surface-dwelling animals is one of the themes that has fascinated generations of speleologists. The subterranean realm is colonized actively and/or passively by aquatic and terrestrial fauna. Ecological evidence and arguments for evolutionary scenarios that support various models of colonization are provided in this article. Modern evolutionary ecological research offers new perspectives to better understand the invasibility of subterranean systems by both terrestrial and aquatic fauna.
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