Abstract

We analyze the structure of the algebra $\mathbb{K}\langle \mathbf{x}\rangle^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ of symmetric polynomials in non-commuting variables in so far as it relates to $\mathbb{K}[\mathbf{x}]^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$, its commutative counterpart. Using the "place-action'' of the symmetric group, we are able to realize the latter as the invariant polynomials inside the former. We discover a tensor product decomposition of $\mathbb{K}\langle \mathbf{x}\rangle^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ analogous to the classical theorems of Chevalley, Shephard-Todd on finite reflection groups. In the case $|\mathbf{x}|= \infty$, our techniques simplify to a form readily generalized to many other familiar pairs of combinatorial Hopf algebras. Nous analysons la structure de l'algèbre $\mathbb{K}\langle \mathbf{x}\rangle^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ des polynômes symétriques en des variables non-commutatives pour obtenir des analogues des résultats classiques concernant la structure de l'anneau $\mathbb{K}[\mathbf{x}]^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ des polynômes symétriques en des variables commutatives. Plus précisément, au moyen de "l'action par positions'', on réalise $\mathbb{K}[\mathbf{x}]^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ comme sous-module de $\mathbb{K}\langle \mathbf{x}\rangle^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$. On découvre alors une nouvelle décomposition de $\mathbb{K}\langle \mathbf{x}\rangle^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ comme produit tensoriel, obtenant ainsi un analogue des théorèmes classiques de Chevalley et Shephard-Todd. Dans le cas $|\mathbf{x}|= \infty$, nos techniques se simplifient en une forme aisément généralisables à beaucoup d'autres paires d'algèbres de Hopf familières.

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