Abstract
The bridged [14]annulenes are exceptional models for testing theories and providing quantitative data. Thus, the dihydropyrene system demonstrates that diatropic ring current effects on chemical shifts are of the same magnitude for carbon-13 as for hydrogen for the same position in space relative to the aromatic π-electron cloud. The continuing need for additional samples of bridged [14]annulenes has led to the development of new synthetic methods. These, in turn, have led to syntheses of bridged [18]annulenes, tetra-bridged cyclophanes, and substituted [2.2]metaparacyclophanes. The latter substances provide opportunity for quantitative measurement of the interaction of substituents with aromatic π-electron clouds.
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