Introduction

Abstract

This introductory chapter discusses the cycle of life. Decomposition of dead organic matter has been considered a crucial process for sustaining life on Earth. The most simplified description of the two processes making earth alive has been summarized in two equations. These two equations summarize the initial synthesis and the final mineralization. Decomposition undergoes a number of steps, leading from complicated organic compounds through simpler compounds to mineral nutrients, and, under certain circumstances, not all chemical elements return to their original inorganic form. The chapter is devoted to soil organisms and their role in organic matter decay. The chapter discusses decomposition, nutrient turnover, and global climate change Organic matter decomposition is indispensable for sustaining life on Earth, as it is the only process enabling massive recycling of chemical elements on the scale of ecosystems and the whole biosphere. Distribution of biomass between soil and above-ground ecosystem compartments and the importance of balance according to ecological theory have been discussed. Every mature ecosystem develops under specific constraints of climatic and edaphic conditions.