Abstract
The polarisation state of light can often be described using the Stokes parameters or Jones vector. Changes that can occur to the polarisation state as it propagates through a system can be modelled mathematically using Mueller or Jones algebra. The Poincare sphere is another useful tool to describe the change in polarisation state due to the effects of a component. A polarimeter is an instrument that can be used to measure the polarisation state of a beam of light or the polarisation effects of a specimen. This can be accomplished using a number of methods, among them division-of-amplitude or division-of-time polarimetry. Thorough calibration of a polarimeter should be carried out so that reliable and accurate measurements are obtained. In this chapter we describe a number of robust calibration methods that do not require any assumptions to be made about the system.
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