Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage

Abstract

A discussion of the carbon capture and storage method is presented in this chapter. It has an essential behavior within the given context of decarbonization as a technique for decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and meeting its reduction goals. An effective long-term strategy for the reduction of emissions is the technique of injecting CO2 into petroleum and natural gas field formations for the purposes of CO2 sequestration and CO2 - enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In addition, this chapter presents an in-depth review of different methods used in the capture of CO2 and the subsequent storage strategies utilized in the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS), CO2-EOR, and sequestration challenges. Depending on the conditions and ambitions of an organization, a different CO2 capture technique may prove economically preferable. Each carbon capture method׳s economic viability depends on a number of factors, including its capital costs, operational expenses, scalability, and legislative support. There are a variety of processes for sequestering carbon in various types of rock. Geological storage mechanisms mainly ensure that the stored CO2 remains confined and does not leak back to the surface. There are also visual representations of the various uses of CCS and CO2-EOR that show how CO2 can be stored in geological contexts. Along with this, the fundamental ideas and motivations are thoroughly analyzed, with a particular emphasis placed on the capturing mechanism. The next sections also examine CCS-related topics, such as CCS research and demonstration in global sectors, as well as the influence of CCS on enhancing CO2-EOR. There is also a discussion of the difficulties associated with CO2 capture and storage in geological contexts, with an eye toward highlighting these issues and the potential solutions to them. Finally, the future prospects of CCS are described in terms of their immense value in terms of greenhouse gas reduction in the environment.