Abstract
We outlinethe progressionof ageingresearch from ancient historyto present day geroscience. Calorie restriction, genetic mutations, and the involvement of the sirtuins are highlighted, along with pharmaceutical interventions, in particular rapamycin. At the cellular level, replicative senescence and telomere shorteningare presented in the history of ageing studies. We discuss the roles of macromolecular damage in ageing including damage to nuclear, and mitochondrial DNA, epigenetic and protein damage. The importanceinflammation during ageing "inflammageing"is becoming increasingly recognized. Omics-based biomarkers are now proving to be a promising approach, along with comparative studies on long-lived animals.The science isgetting closer to understanding the mechanisms of ageing and developing reliable interventions to improve human health.
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