Introducing RELAX: An automated pre-processing pipeline for cleaning EEG data - Part 1: Algorithm and application to oscillations

Abstract

ObjectiveElectroencephalographic (EEG) data are often contaminated with non-neural artifacts which can confound experimental results. Current artifact cleaning approaches often require costly manual input. Our aim was to provide a fully automated EEG cleaning pipeline that addresses all artifact types and improves measurement of EEG outcomes MethodsWe developed RELAX (the Reduction of Electroencephalographic Artifacts). RELAX cleans continuous data using Multi-channel Wiener filtering [MWF] and/or wavelet enhanced independent component analysis [wICA] applied to artifacts identified by ICLabel [wICA_ICLabel]). Several versions of RELAX were compared using three datasets (N = 213, 60 and 23 respectively) against six commonly used pipelines across a range of artifact cleaning metrics, including measures of remaining blink and muscle activity, and the variance explained by experimental manipulations after cleaning. ResultsRELAX with MWF and wICA_ICLabel showed amongst the best performance at cleaning blink and muscle artifacts while preserving neural signal. RELAX with wICA_ICLabel only may perform better at differentiating alpha oscillations between working memory conditions. ConclusionsRELAX provides automated, objective and high-performing EEG cleaning, is easy to use, and freely available on GitHub. SignificanceWe recommend RELAX for data cleaning across EEG studies to reduce artifact confounds, improve outcome measurement and improve inter-study consistency.