Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) can generate many benefits inside and outside their borders, and achieving objectives for diverse stakeholders raises many challenges. There are many examples of successful PA management around the globe, although a systematic and comprehensive approach to developing and sharing these solutions has been lacking. We present “solutioning” as a structured process of peer-learning, which can inform management strategies in and around protected areas. We explain how the PANORAMA—Solutions for a Healthy Planet initiative has put solutioning into practice through an interactive community and web portal to learn about protected area solutions around the globe. Unlike other web platforms and initiatives reviewed, PANORAMA facilitates adaptation of solution elements (i.e., building blocks) for novel implementation. Supported by theories of resilience and peer-learning, PANORAMA appears to have potential to promote efficiency and equitable benefits for PAs and associated stakeholders focused on nature conservation and sustainable development, although further research is needed to assess whether this learning leads to better solutions or more effective PA management.
Highlights
Protected areas (PAs) around the world cover 15% of terrestrial and freshwater areas and 4% of marine areas within national jurisdiction (Bhola et al 2016), playing an essential role for maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and the diverse services and cultural values these landscapes and ecosystems provide to society (Watson et al 2014)
We have presented solutioning as a process of reflection, documentation, communication, followed by adaptation and uptake of successful management in and around protected areas
The process is supported by theories from psychology, education, ecology, and conservation biology, and has a general aim to support the achievement of objectives of protected area authorities at a local scale and socioecological sustainability at broader scales
Summary
Protected areas (PAs) around the world cover 15% of terrestrial and freshwater areas and 4% of marine areas within national jurisdiction (Bhola et al 2016), playing an essential role for maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and the diverse services and cultural values these landscapes and ecosystems provide to society (Watson et al 2014). (e.g., species protection and recreation opportunity) even at local to regional scales raises many challenges for management of individual PAs Among others, these challenges include gaps in knowledge to develop and implement effective management plans that balance competing objectives, and insufficient communication and engagement among stakeholders (Ferraro and Hanauer 2015). We outline the future vision for PANORAMA and how this approach could inform other parallel efforts to support socioecological sustainability within and beyond PAs. We introduce solutioning as a four-phase process to address one or more challenges facing protected area stakeholders aiming to support objectives for nature and people (Fig. 2). Psychologists have long embraced Bandura’s (1985) theory of social learning, which posits that humans learn best by replicating the behaviors, norms, and beliefs of valued ‘‘others.’’ as the behaviors become more
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