Abstract

La identificación es un proceso cognitivo, cuya esencia es responder a la pregunta, ¿quién es/fue una persona? tanto para personas vivas como para cadáveres no notus. La técnica de comparar signos especiales (permanentes y adquiridos, ej: lunares, tatuajes) enriquece una serie de diversas técnicas de investigación, conectadas y creadas para resolver eficazmente este problema de investigación. Sin lugar a dudas, una ventaja significativa de los tatuajes es su durabilidad: patrones que son difíciles de eliminar en la vida, que se ven durante los cambios tafonómicos y, en última instancia, su presencia nos es revelada por un examen post-mortem. Sin embargo, la ínfima cantidad de información e investigación realizada hace que, a pesar de la larga tradición de este arte, todavía sea un fenómeno poco conocido, que se traduce en su utilidad en procesos legales. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE IDENTITY OF NON NOTUS CORPSES AND HUMAN REMAINS BASED ON THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES: tattoos as an element of identification in forensic science and medicine ABSTRACT Identification is a cognitive process, the essence of which is to answer the question of who is/was a person? in relation to living persons and non notus corpses. The technique of comparing distinguishing features (permanent or acquired: e.g. moles, tattoos) enriches a number of various research techniques, adjoining and created to effectively solve this research problem. Undoubtedly, a significant advantage of tattoos is their durability – they are patterns that are hard to remove in the course of life, seen during postmortem degeneration and taphonomic changes, and ultimately their presence is revealed to us by a post-mortem examination. Nevertheless, the negligible amount of information and conducted research means that despite the long tradition of this art, it is still little known, which translates into its usefulness in legal procedures. The article aims to present the phenomenon of tattooing in the context of identification, reviewing the issue in a historical perspective, and then discussing its specificity with examples from modern forensic medicine and criminology. Keywords : Identification; Tattoo; Distinguishing features

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