Intraventricular Hemorrhage Score as a Robust Predictor for Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common stroke subtype, and patients often develop intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hydrocephalus (H). It is essential to promptly recognize factors that can predict the need for permanent cerebrospinal fluid shunt. This study aims to assess the potential of the IVH score as a predictor for shunt-dependent H in ICH patients. We retrospectively reviewed data from 296 patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH. Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed. IVH scores were calculated based on initial brain computed tomography scans. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of shunt-dependent H, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated for the IVH score. Among the 296 ICH patients, 25 (8.4%) required permanent cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement. The IVH score was identified as the sole significant independent predictor of shunt-dependent H (P<0.01), with an odds ratio of 1.13 and a 95% confidence interval between 1.04 and 1.22. With each unit increase in the IVH score, the likelihood of shunt dependence rises by 13%. The area under the curve for the IVH score as a predictor of shunt-dependent H was 0.818. With an IVH score threshold of 6.5, the sensitivity was 80.0%, and the specificity was 26.6%. The IVH score is a valuable predictor of shunt-dependent H in patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH. Its simplicity allows for easy integration into routine clinical practice, aiding in better patient risk stratification and informed decision-making regarding permanent CSF shunt placement.