Abstract
BackgroundMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) for evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has shown promise but there remains a need for intraoperative performance assessment considering the wide range of evacuation effectiveness. In this feasibility study, we analyzed the benefit of intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging during navigated endoscopy-assisted ICH evacuation by mechanical clot fragmentation and aspiration.Methods18 patients with superficial or deep supratentorial ICH underwent MIS for clot evacuation followed by intraoperative computerized tomography (iCT) or cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. Eligibility for MIS required (a) availability of intraoperative iCT or CBCT, (b) spontaneous lobar or deep ICH without vascular pathology, (c) a stable ICH volume (20–90 ml), (d) a reduced level of consciousness (GCS 5–14), and (e) a premorbid mRS ≤ 1. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic patient data were analyzed by two independent observers.ResultsNine female and 9 male patients with a median age of 76 years (42–85) presented with an ICH score of 3 (1–4), GCS of 10 (5–14) and ICH volume of 54 ± 26 ml. Clot fragmentation and aspiration was feasible in all cases and intraoperative imaging determined an overall evacuation rate of 80 ± 19% (residual hematoma volume: 13 ± 17 ml; p < 0.0001 vs. Pre-OP). Based on the intraoperative imaging results, 1/3rd of all patients underwent an immediate re-aspiration attempt. No patient experienced hemorrhagic complications or required conversion to open craniotomy. However, routine postoperative CT imaging revealed early hematoma re-expansion with an adjusted evacuation rate of 59 ± 30% (residual hematoma volume: 26 ± 37 ml; p < 0.001 vs. Pre-OP).ConclusionsRoutine utilization of iCT or CBCT imaging in MIS for ICH permits direct surgical performance assessment and the chance for immediate re-aspiration, which may optimize targeting of an ideal residual hematoma volume and reduce secondary revision rates.
Highlights
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for up to 15% of all strokes and affects more than 2 million people annually [32]
Clot fragmentation and aspiration was feasible in all cases and intraoperative imaging determined an overall evacuation rate of 80 ± 19%
We investigated the performance of navigated, endoscopic Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and intraoperative 3D imaging for evacuation of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) through mechanical clot fragmentation and aspiration
Summary
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for up to 15% of all strokes and affects more than 2 million people annually [32]. The main reason for this is that ICH remains the least treatable of all stroke types and apart from stroke unit care, no treatment has unequivocally shown clinical effectiveness [12] This lack of effectiveness of any specific treatment has led to skepticism about the potential for surgical ICH evacuation, because it has been speculated that the failure of conventional surgery to benefit these patients [26, 27] is related to the. Invasive surgery (MIS) for evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has shown promise but there remains a need for intraoperative performance assessment considering the wide range of evacuation effectiveness. In this feasibility study, we analyzed the benefit of intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging during navigated endoscopyassisted ICH evacuation by mechanical clot fragmentation and aspiration. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic patient data were analyzed by two independent observers
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