Intraoperative Angiography for Arteriovenous Malformation Resection in the Prone and Lateral Positions, Using Upper Extremity Arterial Access.

Abstract

Intraoperative angiography is routinely utilized for aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) to verify complete occlusion and resection. Surgery for spinal and posterior fossa neurovascular lesions is usually performed in prone position. Intraoperative angiography in the prone position is challenging and there is no standardized protocol for this procedure. To describe our experience with intraoperative angiography in the prone and lateral positions, using upper extremity arterial access. We reviewed our experience with intraoperative angiography in the prone position between 2014 and 2015, where vascular access was obtained via the upper extremity arteries. Patients were treated in a hybrid endovascular operating room. High cervical and intracranial lesions were studied via brachial or radial access. All accesses were obtained using ultrasonographic guidance and a small caliber arterial sheath (4F). Five patients were treated in the prone and lateral positions using brachial/radial artery access. Patients harbored cerebellar AVM, lateral medullary AVM, cervical arteriovenous fistula (AVF), tentorial dural AVF, and tentorial-incisural dural AVF. Patients were positioned prone (n = 2), semiprone (n = 2), and lateral (n = 1) for the surgery. Three patients were treated via right brachial artery access. Two patients were treated via radial arteries access. All patients tolerated the procedures without technical or clinical complications. Intraoperative angiography verified complete occlusion and resection in all cases prior to surgical closure. Intraoperative angiography in the prone and lateral positions using upper extremity access is an important adjunct. Brachial or radial access can be obtained safely and provides comfortable and quick approaches.