Abstract
The diverse applications of porphyrin-based nano-sized metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) lead to great exposure risks to human and environment. Understanding the cellular biological effects (such as toxicity, distribution, and localization) of porphyrinic NMOFs is a prerequisite to the assessment of their health risk. However, the characteristics of distribution, localization, and immune response induced by porphyrinic NMOFs have not been studied yet. Here, we report the size-dependent biological effects of porphyrinic NMOFs under sublethal dose. Various sizes of PCN-224 (30, 90, and 180 nm) were taken as model porphyrinic NMOFs. We found that 30 nm PCN-224 gave the highest uptake content, followed by 90 and 180 nm PCN-224. The mechanism for uptake was clathrin-mediated for 30 and 90 nm PCN-224, but clathrin- and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mediated for 180 nm PCN-224. All PCN-224 were localized in lysosome with size-dependent velocity of colocalization transport. 30 nm PCN-224 induced the highest released cytokines than 90 and 180 nm PCN-224 accompanied with the activation of NF-κB pathway. This work reveals the mechanisms for the endocytosis of PCN-224 and the release of cytokine induced by PCN-224, which is helpful for the health risk assessment of NMOFs.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
