Intra-colonial diversity in the scleractinian coral, Acropora millepora: identifying the nutritional gradients underlying physiological integration and compartmentalised functioning.

Abstract

Scleractinian corals are colonial organisms comprising multiple physiologically integrated polyps and branches. Colonialism in corals is highly beneficial, and allows a single colony to undergo several life processes at once through physiological integration and compartmentalised functioning. Elucidating differences in the biochemical composition of intra-colonial branch positions will provide valuable insight into the nutritional reserves underlying different regions in individual coral colonies. This will also ascertain prudent harvesting strategies of wild donor-colonies to generate coral stock with high survival and vigour prospects for reef-rehabilitation efforts and captive husbandry. This study examined the effects of colony branch position on the nutritional profile of two different colony sizes of the common scleractinian, Acropora millepora. For smaller colonies, branches were sampled at three locations: the colony centre (S-centre), 50% of the longitudinal radius length (LRL) (S-50), and the colony edge (S-edge). For larger colonies, four locations were sampled: the colony centre (L-centre), 33.3% of the LRL (L-33), 66.6% of the LRL (L-66), and the edge (L-edge). Results demonstrate significant branch position effects, with the edge regions containing higher protein, likely due to increased tissue synthesis and calcification. Meanwhile, storage lipid and total fatty acid concentrations were lower at the edges, possibly reflecting catabolism of high-energy nutrients to support proliferating cells. Results also showed a significant effect of colony size in the two classes examined. While the major protein and structural lipid sink was exhibited at the edge for both sizes, the major sink for high-energy lipids and fatty acids appeared to be the L-66 position of the larger colonies and the S-centre and S-50 positions for the smaller colonies. These results confirm that the scleractinian coral colony is not nutritionally homogeneous, and while different regions of the coral colony are functionally specialised, so too are their nutritional profiles geared toward meeting specific energetic demands.