Abstract
Foodborne diseases cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the relationships between bacteria and epithelial cells throughout the infection process is essential to setting up preventive and therapeutic solutions. The extensive study of their pathophysiology has mostly been performed on transformed cell cultures that do not fully mirror the complex cell populations, the in vivo architectures, and the genetic profiles of native tissues. Following advances in primary cell culture techniques, organoids have been developed. Such technological breakthroughs have opened a new path in the study of microbial infectious diseases, and thus opened onto new strategies to control foodborne hazards. This review sheds new light on cellular messages from the host–foodborne pathogen crosstalk during in vitro organoid infection by the foodborne pathogenic bacteria with the highest health burden. Finally, future perspectives and current challenges are discussed to provide a better understanding of the potential applications of organoids in the investigation of foodborne infectious diseases.
Highlights
Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are thought to be a major public health issue that contributes significantly to human morbidity and mortality around the world
We describe the main advances in the field of foodborne pathogens (FBPs) relating to the use of organoid model systems and discuss their use for modeling bacterial FBDs, focusing on the foodborne bacteria with the highest disease burden
Regarding the infection capacity of FBPs, plausible discrepancies can be observed between homogenous cell monolayers and organoids that retain most of the intestinal cell composition and somatic signatures
Summary
Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are thought to be a major public health issue that contributes significantly to human morbidity and mortality around the world. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has estimated that the overall economic impact of human salmonellosis in Europe could be as high as EUR 3 billion annually [3]. Organoids help to overcome the shortcomings of cell line monolayers thanks to their high cell type diversity and closer morphology to native intestinal tissue. They can be used to study the same questions as those addressed with monotypic cell systems, and many more. Organoids may be envisioned as a new tool that holds great promise for addressing novel challenges in the study of foodborne pathogens (FBPs)–host interactions. We describe the main advances in the field of FBPs relating to the use of organoid model systems and discuss their use for modeling bacterial FBDs, focusing on the foodborne bacteria with the highest disease burden
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