Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function Restoration in Mice by Maize Diet Containing Enriched Flavan-4-Ols.

Binning Wu,Binning Wu,Binning Wu,Surinder Chopra,Rohil Bhatnagar,Vijaya V Indukuri,Shara Chopra,Lavanya Reddivari,Kylie March,Lavanya Reddivari,Nina Cordero

doi:10.3390/nu12040896

Binning Wu, Binning Wu + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040896

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition, awaits safe and effective preventive strategies. Naturally occurring flavonoid compounds are promising therapeutic candidates against IBD due to their great antioxidant potential and ability to reduce inflammation and improve immune signaling mediators in the gut. In this study, we utilized two maize near-isogenic lines flavan-4-ols-containing P1-rr (F+) and flavan-4-ols-lacking p1-ww (F−) to investigate the anti-inflammatory property of flavan-4-ols against carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-induced low-grade colonic inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either 1% CMC (w/v) or water for a total of 15 weeks. After week six, mice on CMC treatment were divided into four groups. One group continued on the control diet. The second and third groups were supplemented with F+ at 15% or 25% (w/w). The fourth group received diet supplemented with F− at 15%. Here we report that mice consuming F+(15) and F+(25) alleviated CMC-induced increase in epididymal fat-pad, colon histology score, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 expression and intestinal permeability compared to mice fed with control diet and F−(15). F+(15) and F+(25) significantly enhanced mucus thickness in CMC exposed mice (p < 0.05). These data collectively demonstrated the protective effect of flavan-4-ol against colonic inflammation by restoring intestinal barrier function and provide a rationale to breed for flavan-4-ols enriched cultivars for better dietary benefits.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and epithelium damage
In order to build up the metabolite profile for F+ and F−, we conducted both methanol and acid butanol extraction
Peak alignment of F+ and F− resulted in 1399 identified peaks, among which 27 compounds were identified as unique to F+, whereas 15 compounds were unique to F−

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Introduction

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and epithelium damage. IBD negatively impacts human gut health but is associated with other metabolic disorders such as adiposity and colon carcinogenesis [1]. The westernized diet characterized by high fat, high sugar, high meat, and low plant fiber consumption has been implicated as a risk factor for IBD by several studies [2,3]. Dietary emulsifiers, which are detergent-like molecules used for stabilizing and texturizing purposes in the food industry, are an inherent part of the western diet. CMC consumption has been previously reported to alter gut microbiota localization, promote the massive bacterial overgrowth of jejunum and ileum in genetically susceptible IL10-/- mice and induce low-grade colonic inflammation, IBD and metabolic syndrome in wild-type mice [4,5]

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