Interventional Management of Low Back Pain: A Comprehensive Review of Epidural Steroid Injections and Related Techniques

Abstract

Lower back pain (LBP) represents a significant global health burden, impacting individuals’ quality of life, productivity, and financial stability. While acute episodes may resolve spontaneously, chronic LBP persists beyond 12 weeks, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to management. This comprehensive review examines the interventional management of LBP, with a focus on Epidural Steroid Injections (ESIs) and related techniques. ESIs, administered into the epidural space surrounding spinal nerves, aim to alleviate inflammation and nerve compressioninduced pain. However, they carry inherent risks, including infection, nerve damage, and allergic reactions. Comparative effectiveness studies highlight varying outcomes associated with different interventions, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment plans. Guidelines from professional organizations advocate for a patient-centered approach, prioritizing non-pharmacologic therapies as first-line treatments. Integrating evidence-based practices and considering patient preferences and clinical circumstances are crucial in optimizing outcomes. This review also discusses patient selection criteria, safety considerations, and long-term outcomes associated with interventional management techniques. By adhering to established guidelines and integrating a range of therapeutic options, clinicians can effectively address the multifaceted challenges posed by LBP, ultimately enhancing patient well-being, and improving treatment outcomes. A holistic approach, encompassing both conservative and interventional modalities, is essential in the comprehensive management of LBP