Intervening oxidative stress integrated with an excellent biocompatibility of hemodialysis membrane fabricated by nucleobase-recognized co-immobilization strategy of tannic acid, looped PEtOx brush and heparin

Abstract

Functionalized hemodialysis membranes have been employed to suppress oxidative stress for hemodialysis therapy. However, the inhibition effects of the hemodialysis on the harmful metabolites of oxidative stress, including lipid peroxides and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), have not been fully explored yet. Herein, we report on utilizing the tannic acid (TA) coating as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger onto the hemodialysis membrane surface to solve this problem. Combining high biocompatibility of looped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) brushes and anticoagulant property of heparin (Hep), the TA/PEtOx/Hep functionalized poly (ether sulfone) (PES) hemodialysis membrane has constructed by the nucleobase-recognized strategy. The functionalized membrane directly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity, and suppressed lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation. The TA/PEtOx/Hep functionalized hemodialysis membrane effectively protected cardiomyocytes (H9C2) and vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) from oxidative damage. The introduction of looped PEtOx brushes indicated in considerable improvement of blood compatibility and reduction of complement activation, and the immobilization of Hep prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time. The typical toxins were removed in the simulation dialysis experiment, confirming the TA/PEtOx/Hep functionality feasibility. The present work provides a promising candidate for developing and applying the hemodialysis membrane, which might alleviate patients' complications to improve prognostic efficacy.