Abstract
Interstitial laser immunotherapy (ILIT) is designed to use photothermal and immunological interactions for treatment of metastatic cancers. The photothermal effect is crucial in inducing anti-tumor immune responses in the host. Tissue temperature and tissue optical properties are important factors in this process. In this study, a device combining interstitial photoacoustic (PA) technique and interstitial laser photothermal interaction is proposed. Together with computational simulation, this device was designed to determine temperature distributions and tissue optical properties during laser treatment. Experiments were performed using ex-vivo porcine liver tissue. Our results demonstrated that interstitial PA signal amplitude was linearly dependent on tissue temperature in the temperature ranges of 20–60[Formula: see text]C, as well as 65–80[Formula: see text]C, with a different slope, due to the change of tissue optical properties. Using the directly measured temperature in the tissue around the interstitial optical fiber diffusion tip for calibration, the theoretical temperature distribution predicted by the bioheat equation was used to extract optical properties of tissue. Finally, the three-dimensional temperature distribution was simulated to guide tumor destruction and immunological stimulation. Thus, this novel device and method could be used for monitoring and controlling ILIT for cancer treatment.
Highlights
Laser immunotherapy (LIT)[1] was developed to treat late-stage, metastatic cancers through local laser irradiation and immunological stimulation
Temperature measurement based on water proton resonance frequency (PRF) in magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) has been used for interstitial laser therapy.[15,16]
We investigate the temperature distribution using PA signal and Pennes equation to provide a feedback to optical-thermal interactions
Summary
Laser immunotherapy (LIT)[1] was developed to treat late-stage, metastatic cancers through local laser irradiation and immunological stimulation. Current noninvasive methods to measure tissue temperature include infrared thermography,[11,12,13] ultrasound thermograph,[14] and magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT).[15,16,17] Infrared thermography could provide sensitive and real-time detection. Temperature measurement based on water proton resonance frequency (PRF) in MRT has been used for interstitial laser therapy.[15,16] MRT provided noninvasive three-dimensional temperature distribution with high sensitivity. It had relatively low temporal resolution and its cost and complexity severely limited its practical applications
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