Interspecific, conspecific, and ontogenetic responses of tree rings to climate: A case study utilizing Carya glabra, Carya ovata, Carya tomentosa, and Quercus montana from an Oak-Hickory Forest in Southeastern Ohio

Abstract

Climate change in eastern North America is likely to impact the abundance and distribution of the region’s tree species. However, determining the degree to which species will be impacted by altered climates is challenging. Dendrochronology research aimed at understanding relationships between climate and annual ring-width is one way of understanding how climate change may impact forest communities. Oak (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.) are two foundational groups of trees likely to undergo changes in abundance and distribution due to climate change. The goal of this study was to compare the radial growth climate sensitivity of three common and co-occurring hickory species (Carya glabra, Carya ovata, and Carya tomentosa) to ecologically similar Quercus montana in southeast Ohio. Also, this study compared conspecific radial-growth climate responses between canopy and subcanopy trees to assess the impacts of climate and drought on subcanopy forest layers. All four species in the forest canopy demonstrated significant positive relationships to growing season precipitation, significant negative relationships with growing season temperature, and significant positive relationships with growing season site water balance. Subcanopy chronologies for all four species demonstrated weaker growth responses to climate, with only Carya glabra demonstrating significant growth relationships with May precipitation and site water balance. Additionally, the increased drought resistance of subcanopy trees provided some evidence of the forest overstory buffering the impacts of climate variability on understory trees. Overall, ontogenetic differences in tree sensitivity to climate variability and drought show that climate change likely has the potential to influence the forest understory, but the degree to which systems are impacted may be highly species-specific.