Interpreting group differences using Demirjian's dental maturity method

Abstract

Although Demirjian's method is designed to assess dental maturity at the individual level, significant differences between average dental age and real age for groups have been interpreted as population differences. The aim of this study was to describe the variation in maturity score for age and age for maturity score from a large collaborative database of children and discuss methods adapted for groups in light of this. Tooth stages from radiographs of 4710 males and 4661 females (age 2–18) were used and dental maturity scores calculated using Demirjian and Goldstein [2]. The mean, standard deviation, standard error and 95% confidence intervals of maturity score by age group (6 and 12 months groups) and age by maturity score (5 points) groups were calculated. Adapted maturity curves from 13 published studies of boys from Europe, Middle East, Africa, India, China and South America were compared to the database. Most adapted curves at the 50th percentile from world regions fell within the 95% confidence intervals. Those that did not, were hampered by small sample size or poorly fitting curves. This is complicates by the inclusion of mature individuals. Few studies adapting Demirjian's method provide sufficient or appropriate statistics to compare maturation of individual teeth. The wide 95% confidence intervals for maturity score by age, age by maturity score, age of individual tooth stages and large number of sequences suggest that the significant differences in dental maturity score do not reflect any biological difference in the timing of tooth formation stages at the population level. Demirjian's dental maturity method is inappropriate to assess population differences in dental maturity and adapting scores for age or age for scores for different groups of children is probably unnecessary.