Abstract
The consequences of COVID-19 are not limited to physical health deterioration; the impact on neuropsychological well-being is also substantially reported. The inter-regulation of physical health and psychological well-being through the psychoneuroendocrineimmune (PNEI) axis has enduring consequences in susceptibility, treatment outcome as well as recuperation. The pandemic effects are upsetting the lifestyle, social interaction, and financial security; and also pose a threat through perceived fear. These consequences of COVID-19 also influence the PNEI system and wreck the prognosis. The nutritional status of individuals is also reported to have a determinative role in COVID-19 severity and convalescence. In addition to energetic demand, diet also provides precursor substances [amino acids (AAs), vitamins, etc.] for regulators of the PNEI axis such as neurotransmitters (NTs) and immunomodulators. Moreover, exaggerated immune response and recovery phase of COVID-19 demand additional nutrient intake; widening the gap of pre-existing undernourishment. Mushrooms, fresh fruits and vegetables, herbs and spices, and legumes are few of such readily available food ingredients which are rich in protein and also have medicinal benefits. BRICS nations have their influences on global development and are highly impacted by a large number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. The adequacy and access to healthcare are also low in BRICS nations as compared to the rest of the world. Attempt to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are praiseworthy in BRICS nations. However, large population sizes, high prevalence of undernourishment (PoU), and high incidence of mental health ailments in BRICS nations provide a suitable landscape for jeopardy of COVID-19. Therefore, appraising the interplay of nutrition and PNEI modulation especially in BRICS countries will provide better understanding; and will aid in combat COVID-19. It can be suggested that the monitoring will assist in designing adjunctive interventions through medical nutrition therapy and psychopsychiatric management.
Highlights
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affected the various dimensions of well-being in all parts of the globe
The differences in countries belonging to different economic groups like BRICS, G7, EM7, OECD, etc. at demographic and socioeconomic levels served as a factor in combat against COVID-19
The COVID-19 affected each part of the world, the countries’ priority toward the healthcare sector, their preparedness, the difference in policymaking, and strategies for their executions served as a decisive factor in recuperation from this pandemic
Summary
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affected the various dimensions of well-being in all parts of the globe. A significant share in world gross domestic product (GDP) and unique socioeconomic population structure has been linked with essential consideration of BRICS, while designing policies at the global level (Jakovljevic, 2014) These nations are affected by the severity of COVID-19. BRICS nations are among the countries facing the highest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 (WHO, 2021) and are affected by associated consequences of malnutrition, and psychological disorders among their population. Owing to performances in nourishment status, healthcare access, mental health level, as well as distribution of population, BRICS nations individually as well as collectively plot a landscape for the menace in COVID-19 pandemic. The pre-existing malnutrition or deficiencies in specific nutrient have compounded effect with SARS-CoV-2 infection in engaging COVID-19-associated malnutrition and negatively affect the therapeutic outcome. Continuous efforts to spread awareness about the disease, preventive measures, and related information must be ongoing
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