Interplay Between Infant Nutrition and Malaria Susceptibility in West Africa: Socioeconomic, Environmental, and Cultural Perspectives

Abstract

In West Africa, infant nutrition plays a pivotal role in determining susceptibility to malaria, a disease that remains a leading cause of child mortality in the region. This review explores the intricate interplay between malnutrition and malaria susceptibility among infants, emphasizing the influence of socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural factors. Malnutrition, particularly protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, compromises immune function, rendering infants more vulnerable to malaria infections. Conversely, malaria exacerbates nutritional deficiencies, creating a vicious cycle that severely impacts infant health and development. This review examines how traditional beliefs, maternal education, and family dynamics shape infant feeding practices, thereby influencing nutritional status and malaria risk. It also highlights the significance of breastfeeding, the timing of complementary feeding, and the quality of complementary foods in protecting infants against malaria. The review underscores the need for targeted nutritional interventions, such as micronutrient supplementation, fortified foods, and community-based nutrition programs, which are essential in reducing the dual burden of malnutrition and malaria. These interventions must be culturally sensitive and context-specific to effectively improve health outcomes for infants in West Africa. Further, this review illuminates the complex relationship between infant nutrition and malaria susceptibility, advocating for integrated public health strategies that address both malnutrition and malaria within the unique socio-cultural and economic landscape of West Africa. Keywords: Infant Nutrition, Malaria Susceptibility, West Africa, Socioeconomic.