Abstract
BackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is associated with activation of systemic inflammatory response and coagulation/fibrinolysis.AimTo study whether there is a relationship between the acute phase response and coagulation/fibrinolysis in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients.MethodsSerum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), key markers of acute phase response and of D-dimer, a marker of fibrin turnover were investigated in 58 CSU patients assessed with the urticaria activity score (UAS) and the controls.ResultsSerum concentrations of IL-6, CRP, and D-dimer were significantly higher in CSU patients as compared with the controls. We found statistically significant correlations between D-dimers concentrations and the inflammatory markers: CRP and IL-6 as well as UAS.ConclusionsMarkers of inflammation (IL-6 and CRP) and of fibrinolysis (D-dimer) are related to each other in CSU, suggesting a possible cross-talk between inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis. It might be implicated in pathogenesis of the disease and may be associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases in CSU patients.
Highlights
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is associated with activation of systemic inflammatory response and coagulation/fibrinolysis
C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are markers of acute phase response (APR) and underlying systemic inflammation, while D-dimer is a marker of fibrin turnover and fibrinolysis
Previous studies have reported that circulating IL-6, CRP and D-dimer were elevated in CSU patients, relating to severity/activity of the disease [1, 8,9,10]
Summary
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is associated with activation of systemic inflammatory response and coagulation/fibrinolysis. Elevated CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer concentrations are not specific responses, which may increase during many inflammatory diseases [4,5,6,7]. Associations between activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and the inflammatory response are found in pathogenesis of multiple diseases [4,5,6,7], yet little is known about the cross-talk between inflammation and thrombotic/fibrinolytic pathways in CSU. Given these facts, we sought to see whether there was any correlation between the markers of the acute phase response and coagulation/fibrinolysis in CSU. We measured serum concentrations of CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer as well as their relationships in patients with CSU and the healthy subjects
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