Abstract
Convergent total syntheses of the extremely potent cell growth inhibitor cephalostatin 1 and two hybrid analogues, ritterostatins GN1N and GN1S, have been achieved. Ritterostatin GN1N displays sub-nanomolar activity in the 60 cell line human tumor panel of the National Cancer Institute. The North hemisphere of ritterazine G was efficiently constructed from hecogenin acetate in 15% yield over 13 steps. Extension of a key photolysis/Prins sequence to intermediates 19 and 32 proceeded in excellent yield, leading to installation of the Δ14 moiety in the North G and South 1 steroidal subunits. Application of a method for directed unsymmetrical coupling furnished the natural and analogue pyrazines in good yield from the cephalostatin and ritterazine components.
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