Internet fraud as one of the types of fraud

Abstract

The article investigates the current aspects of internet fraud in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The increased use of the Internet during quarantine and wartime creates new opportunities for scammers, who exploit this situation to deceive people. Emotional instability, financial problems, and the spread of misinformation also contribute to the growth of fraud online. The article analyzes the legislative approach to combating fraud in Ukraine and identifies the specifics of this type of criminal offense. Due to the accessibility of the Internet, scammers quickly adapt their schemes to the digital environment, making network users more vulnerable. The explores the diversity of methods and types of internet fraud, including phishing, cryptocurrency fraud, social engineering, and other schemes. The authors provide data from the «Data Breach and Incident Response» (DBIR) report. Methods such as phishing, farming, fraud through social media and email, as well as manipulations with ICOs and crypto investment funds, are examined in detail. Special attention is paid to fraud in wartime, mentioning fundraising for military purposes, deceptive schemes with family announcements, and fake evacuation messages. The level of vulnerability of users, geographical features, and the age category most often targeted by internet fraud are evaluated. The article also discusses the aspect of computer equipment, mobile devices, and other means of accessing the Internet used by criminals to carry out fraudulent activities. The authors emphasize the prevalence of internet fraud, where perpetrators attempt to hack websites of government organizations, banks, or media to obtain confidential information or spread fake news. Measures to combat this phenomenon are proposed. Various types of internet fraud and methods of prevention are examined in detail, including software updates, installation of antivirus software, use of strong passwords, and two- factor authentication. It is noted that awareness and a responsible approach to protection on the Internet are key to preventing fraud. Additionally, the criminal liability for fraud in Ukraine and the possibility of strengthening this liability in wartime are discussed.