Abstract
The ATOC95 experiment was conducted in the winter of 1995 with transmission paths from Pioneer Seamount to Hawaii (range = 3515 km). The internal wave environment is strongly range dependent, and significant mode coupling occurs to the late arriving energy. The ability to localize a source is an indication of the remaining source information in the signal. A mode travel time difference range estimator was developed and shown to be biased by internal wave-induced mode coupling. A range estimator was developed which matched the received wavefronts with those of predicted wavefronts at various ranges. Forward simulations were done using a frequency interpolation method of the PE, and a set of random realizations of the Garrett–Munk spectra for internal waves. With this ensemble of calculations as a forward model, three different measures were calculated from the data and simulations to do an inversion for the background internal wave strength in the ocean. A method was developed to simultaneously invert the source location and the internal wave strength using the mode arrival time and mode spread as the two observables. a)Present address: Sci. Applications Intl. Corp., 10260 Campus Pt. Dr., San Diego, CA 92121.
Published Version
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