Intermolecular Interactions in Binary and Ternary Solutions of a Zwitterionic Compound Studied by Solvatochromism

Abstract

The 1-dithiocarboxy-2-ethoxy-1-(isoquinolin-2-yl)-2-oxoethan-1-ylid (iQTCY) zwitterionic molecule has been studied by computational and spectral means in order to establish some of its structural parameters in the ground electronic state as well as the nature and the strength of its universal and specific interactions with different solvents. The prevalence of the orientation–induction interactions in the diluted solutions of iQTCY in aprotic solvents and the additional specific interactions by hydrogen bonds (HB) in the protic solvents were demonstrated. Three theoretical models were comparatively used to estimate the composition of the first solvation shell of the iQTCY molecule in ternary solutions. The difference between the interaction energies in molecular pairs solute–solvent was computed based on the statistical cell model of ternary solutions of iQTCY in mixtures of water–ethanol and water–methanol. Using the electro-optical parameters computed by the quantum-mechanical technique and the results of the solvatochromic study, the excited state dipole moment of iQTCY was estimated within the limit of the variational method applicable to molecules that show only an absorption electronic spectrum.