Abstract
Hydrogen energy is a very attractive option in dealing with the existing energy crisis. For the development of a hydrogen energy economy, hydrogen storage technology must be improved to over the storage limitations. Compared with traditional hydrogen storage technology, the prospect of hydrogen storage materials is broader. Among all types of hydrogen storage materials, solid hydrogen storage materials are most promising and have the most safety security. Solid hydrogen storage materials include high surface area physical adsorption materials and interstitial and non-interstitial hydrides. Among them, interstitial hydrides, also called intermetallic hydrides, are hydrides formed by transition metals or their alloys. The main alloy types are A2B, AB, AB2, AB3, A2B7, AB5, and BCC. A is a hydride that easily forms metal (such as Ti, V, Zr, and Y), while B is a non-hydride forming metal (such as Cr, Mn, and Fe). The development of intermetallic compounds as hydrogen storage materials is very attractive because their volumetric capacity is much higher (80–160 kgH2m−3) than the gaseous storage method and the liquid storage method in a cryogenic tank (40 and 71 kgH2m−3). Additionally, for hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, the environmental requirements are lower than that of physical adsorption materials (ultra-low temperature) and the simplicity of the procedure is higher than that of non-interstitial hydrogen storage materials (multiple steps and a complex catalyst). In addition, there are abundant raw materials and diverse ingredients. For the synthesis and optimization of intermetallic compounds, in addition to traditional melting methods, mechanical alloying is a very important synthesis method, which has a unique synthesis mechanism and advantages. This review focuses on the application of mechanical alloying methods in the field of solid hydrogen storage materials.
Highlights
As fossil energy is on the verge of disappearing [1] and pollution caused by fossil fuels is becoming more serious [2], it is urgent to develop clean energy
This review focuses on the application of mechanical alloying methods in the field of solid hydrogen storage materials
This review focuses on the application of mechanical alloying in the synthesis of intermetallic compounds as solid-state H2 storage materials
Summary
As fossil energy is on the verge of disappearing [1] and pollution caused by fossil fuels is becoming more serious [2], it is urgent to develop clean energy. Microscopic studies have shown that, during the cycle, the alloy particles change from an initial size of 7 to 2 mm to fine powder after 25 cycles This is caused by the repeated strain of the crystal lattice in the process of H2 absorption and desorption. After the metal or alloy undergoes the mechanical alloying process, the particle size and crystal grain size are greatly reduced while the micro-strain and lattice distortion in the crystal increase This has a great impact on the H2 storage performance of the material, mainly in terms of absorption/desorption kinetics and thermodynamics [34,35] as well as. This review focuses on the application of mechanical alloying in the synthesis of intermetallic compounds as solid-state H2 storage materials
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