Abstract
As of 17th May, 2020 the number of patients infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide has exceeded 4.5 million (WHO 2020). A subgroup of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia develop a hyperinflammatory syndrome which has a similar cytokine release profile to secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (Huang, et al 2020). Immunomodulatory drugs are hypothesised to abrogate the dysfunctional immune response in hyperinflammatory COVID-19 and are currently being investigated in clinical trials. IL-1 blockage with anakinra has been shown to be safe and is associated with clinical improvement in patients with hyperinflammatory COVID-19 (Cavalli, et al 2020).
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