Interindividual differences in both resting-state intracortical and interhemispheric inhibition predicts individual differences in relevant motor performance

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Introduction: Evidence from studies where single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied during the performance of unimanual and bimanual actions have suggested that the enactment and cessation of a motor response is dependent on a contextual modulation of corticospinal excitability and cortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex (M1). While these studies have certainly identified how neurophysiological markers such as short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) are temporally modulated during various stages of movement (i.e., motor preparation, execution and cancellation), it remains unclear whether interindividual differences in these neurophysiological markers taken at rest are associated with individual differences in relevant motor performance (i.e., motor inhibition).