Abstract
Small RNAs generated in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway are critical regulators of development, gene expression, and virus replication in eukaryotic organisms. In the insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, RNAi is divided into three distinct small RNA regulatory networks, mediated by microRNA (miRNA), small-interfering RNA (siRNA), and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). RNAi is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) arising from various sources within cells including convergent transcripts, structured transcripts, or virus infections. This article focuses mainly on RNA virus interactions with the RNAi pathway in invertebrates where RNAi can be readily studied and is an antiviral defense.
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