Interference with VIP to distinguish between real and false VIPoma:national study from the French Endocrine Tumors Group

Abstract

Abstract Background Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas) are digestive neuroendocrine tumors in which the hormonal secretion is life threatening. Biological confirmation is obtained by demonstrating an elevation in plasma VIP, usually using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. In some cases, an analytical interference is suspected. We developed three different techniques to detect the interference in VIP RIA. Methods Three techniques were used: RIA after Sephadex column chromatography separation, RIA after Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) precipitation and125I-labelled VIP binding test. We included patients with suspicion of false positive VIP (FPV) elevation. We then compared results with those of a group of ‘real’, proven VIPoma (RV). Results A total of 15 patients with FPV elevation and 9 RV patients were included. Interference was detected in all FPV patients versus none in RV. Clinical and biochemical parameters did not differ between FPV and RV patients, but VIP concentration in RIA was significantly higher in FVP patients than in RV patients (228pmol/l vs 66 pmol/l, p=0.038). Using 125I-labelled VIP binding test, median proportion of radioactivity in the pellet was significantly higher in FVP than in RV patients (53% vs 13%, p < 0.0001). A 20.5% threshold presented excellent performances (Sensitivity 100% [79.6-100], specificity 100% [70.1-100]). Conclusions We developed three different laboratory techniques to reveal interference in RIA VIP assays. The diagnostic performance of all three was excellent. These techniques must be employed in cases of discordance between VIP elevation and clinical presentation.