Abstract
This paper aims at manufacturing stainless steel clad (SSC) rebars by metal deposition and a hot rolling method as well as characterizing its interface features and mechanical properties. The interface of the SSC rebar is relatively flat and clean, exhibiting a metallurgical bonding state at the microscale. Decarburization occurred at the interface in the carbon steel side of the SSC rebar. The diffusion of C, Cr, as well as Mn was measured across the interface of the SSC rebar, and the diffusion distance of Cr and Mn was found at 32 µm and 25 µm, respectively. The Vickers hardness testing in the transition zone of the SSC rebar near the carbon side showed 545 HV0.2 due to the martensite phase formed by the diffusion of key elements C, Cr, and Mn. The microstructure in the transition zone near the stainless steel reveals the duplex structure of martensite and ferrite. The carbide precipitations were observed near the interface, both in the transition zone and in the base metal of the stainless steel zone. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of the SSC rebar were found as 423 MPa, 602 MPa, and 22%. No macroscopic crack was observed after the positive or negative bending tests.
Highlights
With an ever-increasing demand for enhanced durability and strength, the prospect of widespread applications of stainless steel clad (SSC) rebars is promising in the realm of infrastructure, chemical industry, oil industry, and construction engineering [1,2,3]
Since 2000, SSC rebar research has been widely implemented in some American states, such as Texas and Virginia, and the results revealed that a SSC rebar shows the same corrosion resistance as that of stainless steel when subjected to accelerated cyclic wetting and drying tests in a corrosive solution [4,5]
The liquid stainless steel in an atomizing chamber is sprayed with nitrogen gas on the surface of a carbon billet, which is heated to 1100 ◦ C in the induction furnace, and cladding billets are transferred to a rolling mill where they are hot rolled into bars with appropriate dimensions [2]
Summary
With an ever-increasing demand for enhanced durability and strength, the prospect of widespread applications of stainless steel clad (SSC) rebars is promising in the realm of infrastructure, chemical industry, oil industry, and construction engineering [1,2,3]. The liquid stainless steel in an atomizing chamber is sprayed with nitrogen gas on the surface of a carbon billet, which is heated to 1100 ◦ C in the induction furnace, and cladding billets are transferred to a rolling mill where they are hot rolled into bars with appropriate dimensions [2] In this manner, SSC rebar with a clad layer of 2205 or Cr13 stainless steel and a carbon steel core was successfully manufactured. In the case of a mechanical cladding method or a clad assembly method, because the interface of the SSC billet cannot reach the metallurgical bonding state, some production accidents, such as the separation of the stainless steel coating and the carbon steel matrix, often occur in the first passes of hot processing. Our research group solved this problem using liquid–solid casting and the hot rolling method to prepare the SSC rebar because the metallurgical bonding state could be achieved in the liquid–solid casting process [13]. The method described in this paper saves a lot of stainless steel but can improve the corrosion resistance of the project
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