Interdiffusion/reaction at the polymer/polymer interface in multilayer systems probed by linear viscoelasticity coupled to FTIR and NMR measurements

Abstract

This paper describes the experimental investigation of the interdiffusion/reaction mechanisms of asymmetric polymer–polymer interfaces. The study deals with the assessment of the chemical reactions occurring at the interface between two reactive polymers. A focal point of the investigation was to study these interfacial reactions by an array of techniques at very different space scales: from macroscopic viscoelastic investigations to IR and NMR spectroscopies at the molecular scale. The studied material pairs include PE-GMA/PA6 as the reactive system (RS) and PE/PA6 as the non-reactive one (NRS) – of coextruded multilayer polymers, i.e., after processing. The linear viscoelastic properties of the reactive multilayer systems were determined and the mechanisms were analyzed by NMR and FTIR measurements. Substantial reactions occurred during the rheological measurements and the results indicated the preferential formation of a copolymer at the interface, triggered by the neighboring layers. Moreover, the contribution of an interface/interphase effect was investigated along with the increase in the number of layers. The results showed that the variation in dynamic modulus of the multilayer system was a result of both diffusion and chemical reaction. Specific experiments were carried out to follow-up on the physicochemical phenomena, and the results were rationalized by comparing the obtained data with theoretical models. The effect of this interphase was quantified at a specific welding time and oscillation frequency thanks to rheological modeling. Because of the coupling between rheology and spectroscopical tools, potential reactions between the GMA functions and the amine/carboxylic polyamide chain ends were explored. The results highlighted that the main reaction mechanism was constituted by the crosslinking reaction between the GMA and carboxylic acid units, and not by that between GMA and amine end functions.