Abstract
In recent years, the implementation of virus-like particles (VLPs) and viral nanoparticles (VNPs) into biosensing devices have been extensively studied due to their ease of surface modification into specific bio-recognizing elements by both chemical and genetic approaches. Some authors have already reported hybrid VLPs/VNPs as promising alternatives due to their biocompatibility and tunable physicochemical properties. Furthermore, incorporating inorganic compounds into VLPs/VNPs systems for improving the optical and electrochemical biosensing performance is somehow a current approach. VNPs of bacteriophages have served as nanoscale models that offer unique structural properties such as pathogen detection. In this sense, non-infectious VLPs/VNPs and inorganic materials represent an opportunity in research, drug innovation, and sensing for further comprehension and early identification of diseases.
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