Abstract

Viral nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of designing virus-like particles (VLPs) and viral nanoparticles (VNPs) for application in medical technology. VLPs are sub-particles of VNPs that are naturally or synthetically produced. Viral nanomaterials or nanoparticles are derived from plants, animals, and bacterial species; they are noninfectious to humans. VLPs are also safer because they contain only a proteinaceous layer (capsids) and lack genetic material. VLPs and VNPs are applied in various forms, such as nanodiagnosis for testing, nanomedicines for development of drugs, nanovaccines for inducing immune responses by injecting subviral particles directly, nano-based sensor for imaging, and nanotherapy for treating different cancers and infectious diseases.

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