Interaction of Onion Cultivar and Growth Stages on Incidence of Pantoea ananatis Bulb Infection.

Abstract

Center rot, caused by Pantoea ananatis, has been one of the most important bacterial diseases of onion leading to considerable economic losses. Symptoms can be expressed in the onion foliage and bulb, with the pathogen moving from the infected leaves to bulb scales. However, little is known regarding which growth stage the plant is most susceptible to bulb infection and if there are differences in susceptibility to bulb infection among sweet onion cultivars. In this study, five cultivars of sweet onion (Pirate, Sweet Harvest, 1518, Granex YPRR, and 1407) were inoculated by clipping the tips of onion foliage and depositing 1 ml of 1 × 108 CFU/ml of P. ananatis suspension into the central leaf cavity. The inoculations were done at three growth stages (first leaf senescence, bulb initiation, and bulb swelling). Center rot incidence was assessed for precured and cured onion bulbs. In addition, total bulb incidence of center rot for each cultivar inoculated at three growth stages were also calculated. Total bulb center rot incidence was significantly higher for Granex YPRR (84%) compared with other cultivars. Also, cultivars 1518 (49%) and 1407 (33%) had significantly lower incidence of bulb infection compared with other tested cultivars. Onions were significantly more susceptible to bulb infection when inoculated during first leaf senescence (62%) as compared with bulb initiation (37%) and bulb swelling (31%) stages in precured bulbs (P = 0.041). Significantly higher incidence of center rot was observed for bulbs whose foliage were inoculated during first leaf senescence stage (64%) compared with bulb initiation (55%) and bulb swelling (52%) stages (P = 0.048). Interactions between onion cultivar and inoculation stage on center rot bulb incidence were not significant (P ≥ 0.218), when evaluated at different assessment periods. However, different cultivars displayed significant variability in susceptibility to bulb infection. The outcomes of this study may have implications in devising management strategies aimed at protecting most susceptible onion growth stages against P. ananatis.