Interaction of natural and architectural landscapes using the example of a city Kharkiv

Abstract

The article traces the development of the architectural landscape of the city of Kharkov from the moment of the foundation of the Kharkov Fort to the present day. The research shows the main stages: the rise of the fortress of Kharkov (since 1654), the status of a province (since 1787), the development of Kharkov as a cultural and educational center (since 1804), the first World War and revolution (since 1917), second World War and military renewal (from 1941), the creation of Ukraine's Independence (since 1991), a daily war (since 2022). At the skin stage, the infusion of the natural landscape and relief features into the creation and development of the place can be observed. We drew a parallel with the historical concepts and developments of the city, considered the interaction of the architectural landscape with natural transitions, observed connections between compositional dominants and relief differences, so it was search of the spacious accents of the city. According to the research, a spatial model of the city of Kharkov was formulated. The historical center which is the compositional core of the spatial framework is strengthened by dominants. It has a radial ring system of streets perpendicular to the riverbeds. The center of Kharkov is connected with the periphery by compositional and functional axes - the main highways. Active peripheral development enhances the elevations of the relief; buildings in the lowlands is predominantly featureless. Relief features of the landscape, such as embankments and parks, are points of attraction for people what playing an important role in shaping the architectural landscape of the city. So, we formulate opinion about the geological and geographical aspect of the architectural landscape of the Kharkov, determine the look at the further development of the architectural landscape of the apparently natural, and emphasize respect of the importance of using relief features in the city.