Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the interaction of beverage and food intake with meal advancement in healthy adults. In a randomized controlled study, 29 men and women consumed to satiation, over 20min, a pizza meal with one of the five beverages including water, 1% milk, orange juice, regular cola and diet cola. Mealtime food and fluid intake were measured, within each of three 7-min phases of the meal. A progressive decline occurred from phase 1 to 3 in fluid intake and food intake, averaging 59mL and 268kcal (P<0.0001) respectively; however, the relative intake of fluid to food (mL/kcal) increased (P<0.0001). Beverage type was not a factor. All beverages resulted in similar fluid volume intake compared to water. However, caloric beverages led to higher mealtime total energy intake compared to water (P<0.001) and diet cola (P<0.0001). Baseline thirst correlated positively with both fluid (r=0.28; P<0.001) and food (r=0.16; P<0.05) intakes at the meal, whereas baseline appetite associated positively only with mealtime food intake (r=0.23; P<0.01). In conclusion, mealtime fluid and food intakes interact, unaffected by beverage characteristics, to increase the ratio of fluid to food intake with meal progression.
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